T

he history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. The early Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, Great Britain, and France. The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network 

systems, including the development of the ARPANET (which would become the first network to use the Internet Protocol.) The first message was sent over the ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).

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The Victorian Internet

The telegraph system is the first fully digital communication system. Thus the Internet has precursors, such as the telegraphsystem, that date back to the 19th century, more than a century before the digital Internet became widely used in the second half of the 1990s. The concept of data communication – transmitting data between two different places, connected via some kind of electromagnetic medium, such as radio or an electrical wire – predates the introduction of the first computers. 

Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end devices. Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication .Fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory was developed by Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, and Ralph Hartley, during the early 20th century.

Networks that led to the Internet

Arpanet

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. ARPANET was initially funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.
Packet switching was based on concepts and designs by Americans Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran, Britishscientist Donald Davies and Lawrence Roberts of the Lincoln Laboratory.[8] The TCP/IP communications protocols were developed for ARPANET by computer scientists Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, and incorporated concepts by Louis Pouzin for the French CYCLADES
 project.

NPL Network

In 1965, Donald Davies of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) proposed a national data network based on packet-switching. The proposal was not taken up nationally, but by 1970 he had designed and built the Mark I packet-switched network to meet the needs of the multidisciplinary laboratory and prove the technology under operational conditions. By 1976 12 computers and 75 terminal devices were attached and more were added until the network was replaced in 1986.

X.25

Based on ARPA's research, packet switching network standards were developed by theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the form of X.25 and related standards. While using packet switching, X.25 is built on the concept of virtual circuits emulating traditional telephone connections. In 1974, X.25 formed the basis for the SERCnet network between British academic and research sites, which later became JANET. The initial ITU Standard on X.25 was approved in March 1976.
The British Post Office, Western Union International and Tymnet collaborated to create the first international packet switched network, referred to as the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS), in 1978. This network grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada, Hong Kong, and Australia by 1981. By the 1990s it provided a worldwide networking infrastructure

UUCP and Usenet

In 1979, two students at Duke University, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, originated the idea of using Bourne shell scripts to transfer news and messages on a serial line UUCP connection with nearby University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Following public release of the software, the mesh of UUCP hosts forwarding on the Usenet news rapidly expanded. UUCPnet, as it would later be named, also created gateways and links between FidoNet and dial-up BBS hosts. UUCP networks spread quickly due to the lower costs involved, ability to use existing leased lines, X.25 links or even ARPANET connections, and the lack of strict use policies compared to later networks like CSNET and Bitnet. All connects were local. By 1981 the number of UUCP hosts had grown to 550, nearly doubling to 940 in 1984. – Sublink Network, operating since 1987 and officially founded in Italy in 1989, based its interconnectivity upon UUCP to redistribute mail and news groups messages throughout its Italian nodes (about 100 at the time) owned both by private individuals and small companies. Sublink Network represented possibly one of the first examples of the internet technology becoming progress through popular diffusion.[28]

Rise of the global Internet

WWW
Web 1.0
web 2.0
Responsive 
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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (www, W3) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URIs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.[1] It has become known simply as the Web. The World Wide Web is the primary tool billions use to interact on the Internet, and it has changed people's lives immeasurably.[2][3][4] Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages ofmultimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, may be called a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial purposes.

Robert Cailliau, Jean-François Abramatic of IBM, and Tim Berners-Lee at the 10th anniversary of the World Wide Web Consortium.

Rise of Web 1.0

Web 1.0 is a retronym referring to the first stage of the World Wide Web's evolution.

Some design elements of a Web 1.0 site include:

  • Static pages instead of dynamic HTML.
  • Content served from the server's filesystem instead of a RDBMS
  • Pages built using Server Side Includes or CGI instead of a web application written in a dynamic programming language such as PHP or Ruby
  • he use of HTML 3.2-era elements such as frames and tables to position and align elements on a page.
  • Proprietary HTML extensions, 
  • Online guestbooks.
  • GIF buttons, graphics (typically 88x31 pixels in size) promoting web browsers, operating systems, text editors and various other products.
  • HTML forms sent via email

Transition in Web 2.0

Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was first coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999.[1][2][3][4] Although Web 2.0 suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative changes in the way Web pages are made and used.
A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies,video sharing sites, hosted services, Web applications, and mashups.

Edit box interface through which anyone could edit a Wikipedia article.

Responsive Web

Responsive web design (RWD) is an approach to web design aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing and interaction experience—easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling—across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to mobile phones)

A site layout example that adapts to browser viewport width was first demonstrated by Cameron Adams in 2004. By 2008, a number of related terms such as "flexible", "liquid", "fluid", and "elastic" were being used to describe layouts. CSS3 media queries were almost ready for prime time in late 2008/early 2009.Ethan Marcotte coined the term responsive web design (RWD)—and defined it to mean fluid grid/ flexible images/ media queries—in a May 2010 article in A List Apart.[1] He described the theory and practice of responsive web design in his brief 2011 book titled Responsive Web Design. Responsive design was listed as #2 in Top Web Design Trends for 2012 by .net magazine[44] after progressive enhancement at #1.

World Internet User Statistics

Important Milestones in Internet History

First Ever Email Sent

As The Internet is not yet invented, This email was sent over the ARPANET

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Important Milestones in Internet History

World Wide Web is Invented

World Wide Web (WWW) invented and made freely available to everyone By Sir Tim Berners-Lee.

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Important Milestones in Internet History

Yahoo! Launched

Yahoo!, The then most powerful search engine founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994

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Important Milestones in Internet History

Birth of an Amazon

World's Largest Internet based retailer amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos

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Important Milestones in Internet History

First Ever Item sold on ebay

That first item sold was nothing but a broken laser pointer, which didn't even work!!

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Important Milestones in Internet History

Entry of Google

World Famous and most popular search engine started its journey from garage in Menlo Park, California

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Important Milestones in Internet History

Arrival of Wikipedia

A free online open content Encyclopedia created by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001

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Important Milestones in Internet History

The Facebook

Your Favorite Social network was called "The Facebook" when it was created in 2004

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Important Milestones in Internet History

Cloud computing goes mainstream

Often considered as the Future of the Internet, The Cloud computing shows prominent growth during resent years

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